Sea Freight Services | CargoMaster®
Sea freight services made easier with the CargoMaster team!
Save Time, Save Money with CargoMaster’s Sea Freight Services
Experience the expertise of CargoMaster, the specialists in sea freight services. Save both time and money with our reliable and efficient solutions. Whether you need door-to-door services or consolidated shipments, CargoMaster is here to help!
Comprehensive Sea Freight Services
CargoMaster offers door-to-door sea freight services worldwide, with containers packed daily and vessels sailing weekly. Our services are available from Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide, Darwin, Townsville, and Port Hedland to over 300 international cities. Call CargoMaster at 1300 767 136 (Nationwide) for more information.
Expertise in International Freight
With many years of experience in delivering all types of international freight to every corner of the world, CargoMaster ensures your cargo reaches its destination efficiently. We handle boxes, crates, pallets, pharmaceuticals, motorcycles, jet skis, and more. Our sea freight consolidation services for Pacific Islands include destinations like Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, PNG, Tahiti, New Caledonia, Tonga, Manus, Hawaii, Kiribati, Micronesia, Solomon Islands, and Cook Islands.
Specialized Heavy Shipping Services
CargoMaster’s expertise extends to heavy shipping of machinery and industrial equipment. We work closely with the mining and construction industries to ship mining and earthmoving equipment. Our project cargo, break-bulk, and out-of-gauge sea freight services cover most cities around the world.
Comprehensive Container Options
Australian businesses and regular importers and exporters trust CargoMaster international freight forwarding services for 20ft and 40ft sea freight containers, flat racks, and open-top containers. Our services span from Australia to the Middle East, Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and Asia/Pacific. With CargoMaster, you’re backed by an international team of sea freight specialists delivering high-performance, next-generation sea freight solutions globally.
Self-Pack International Movers
CargoMaster offers self-pack international shipping containers from all Australian capital cities to most worldwide centers. This is an ideal, low-cost alternative to expensive removalists. For more information about self-pack international moving containers, contact CargoMaster.
FAQ About Sea Freight Services
What are ocean freight services?
Ocean freight services refer to cargo transported by sea on or inside a cargo ship. These services are available from all Australian capital cities to nearly anywhere in the world. They include transportation by sea container or break bulk cargo. Call CargoMaster for sea freight rates from Australia.
How does sea freight work?
CargoMaster handles all types of sea freight to and from Australia. International sea freight can be collected and consolidated inside shipping containers or consigned as break bulk or out-of-gauge cargo. We also offer a low-cost relocation service for those moving overseas with shipping containers. For more details, call CargoMaster.
What is sea freight and why use it?
Sea freight shipping involves the transportation of goods by sea in a cargo vessel. CargoMaster offers weekly sea freight services from Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, and Adelaide. Sea freight is ideal for goods that do not require urgent delivery, as it is more cost-effective than air freight for larger shipments.
What are ocean freight charges?
Ocean freight charges, or sea freight charges, are costs associated with moving goods by sea. These include various charges payable at the origin and destination.
Is air freight more expensive than sea freight?
Yes, air freight is more expensive than sea freight. However, air freight is faster and better suited for fragile or valuable cargo.
How much more expensive is air freight than sea freight?
Air freight is significantly more expensive than sea freight due to its faster transportation time. For the best sea and air freight quotes to or from Australia, call CargoMaster.
What does sea freight mean?
Sea freight refers to the transportation of cargo by sea on or inside a cargo ship. It is the oldest form of international transportation. CargoMaster is one of Australia’s most trusted sea freight companies.
Contact CargoMaster Today
For the best sea freight solutions, call CargoMaster at 1300 767 136. Our team of experts is ready to assist you with all your sea freight needs.Addition Information (Click the +/- plus/minus symbols to expand/collapse)
Africa
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Asia / Pacific
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Caribbean & Central America
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Europe
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Middle East
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North America
South America
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Type of Container | Inside Dimensions (m) | Door Opening (m) | Tare Weight (kgs) | Volume (cbm) | Loading Capacity (kgs) |
20′ Standard Container | 5.92×2.34×2.38 | 2.29×2.28 | 1.9 | 33 | 22.1 |
20′ Open Top Container | 5.92×2.34×2.38 | 2.29×2.28 | 2.177 | 31.6 | 21.823 |
20′ Reefer Container | 5.38×2.24×2.29 | 2.24×2.12 | 3.209 | 24.1 | 17.111 |
20′ Flatrack | 5.94×2.40×2.27 | 2.56 | 21.44 | ||
40′ Standard Container | 12.06×2.35×2.38 | 2.29×2.28 | 3.107 | 67.3 | 27.373 |
40′ Open Top Container | 12.064×2.34×2.37 | 2.29×2.25 | 4.445 | 64 | 26.067 |
40′ Reefer Container | 11.21×2.25×2.18 | 2.22×2.12 | 4.84 | 49.3 | 25.64 |
40′ Flatrack | 12.07×2.42×2.10 | 5.55 | 25.22 | ||
40′ High-Cube | 12.06×2.34×2.68 | 2.29×2.25 | 3.265 | 75.8 | 27.215 |
20 ft Standard Dry (8’6″ x 8′ x 20′)
Weight: 4500lbs
Max Gross Weight: 66,139lbs
Interior Dimensions:
Length: 19′ 5″
Width: 7′ 8-⅛”
Height: 7′ 9-⅝”
Door Opening:
Width: 7’ 8-½”, Height: 7’ 5-¾”
40 ft Standard Dry (8’6″ x 8′ x 40′)
Weight: 8500lbs
Max Gross Weight: 66,139lbs
Interior Dimensions:
Length: 39′ ⅜”
Width: 7′ 8-⅛”
Height: 7′ 9-⅝”
Door Opening:
Width: 7’ 8-½”, Height: 7’ 5-¾”
40 ft High Cube (9’6″ x 8′ x 40′)
Weight: 8750 lbs
Max Gross Weight: 68,008lb
Interior Dimensions:
Length: 39′ 4”
Width: 7′ 7”
Height: 8′ 9″
Door Opening: Width:
7’ 8″‘, Height: 8’ 5”
Dimensions of 20ft Flat Rack Container
Internal length 5.94 m / 19.5 ft
Internal width 2.35 m / 7.7 ft
Internal height 2.35 m / 7.7 ft
Tare weight 2,360 kg / 5,203.8 lbs
Payload capacity: 30,140 kg / 66,458.7 lbs
Cubic capacity 32.7 m³ / 1,154.3 cu ft
Dimensions of 40ft Flat Rack Container
Internal length 12.13 m / 39.8 ft
Internal width 2.40 m / 7.9 ft
Internal height 2.14 m / 7 ft
Tare weight 5,000 kg / 11,025 lbs
Payload capacity: 40,000 kg / 88,200 lbs
Cubic capacity 62.2 m³ / 2,195.7 cu ft
A2A | Airport-to-airport |
A2D | Airport-to-door |
ADV | Advise, Advised, Advising |
AEA |
Association of European Airlines (see the page “Interest Organisations” of this website also) |
Airline |
Company operating aircraft between steady origin and destination airports |
Airmail | Mail travelling by air |
Air Operator | Company operating aircraft |
Airport-to-airport |
Transport from an airport of origin to an airport of destination |
Allotment |
Assigned volume on board of a flight / day |
AOG |
Aircraft On Ground; materials expedited for repair of a grounded aircraft |
AP | Airport |
ARR | Arrive, Arrived, Arrival |
ARR | Also, a C2K milestone: ARR = cargo and documents arrived at airport of destination |
ATA | Air Transport Association (see the page “Interest Organisations” of this website also) |
ATA | Actual Time of Arrival |
ATD | Actual Time of Departure |
Authorisation | The commission to a certain person or body to act on behalf of another person or body; the person or body can be authorised e.g., to issue air waybills or to collect freight |
AVI | Live Animal(s) |
AWB | Air Waybill |
Backlog | Amount of goods still to be delivered or received and for which the planned or agreed date has expired |
BAG | Baggage |
Belly | Lower-deck cargo hold of an aircraft |
BIG | Outsized cargo |
Blocked-space agreement | A continuous reservation (allotment) for space at one or more flight / date combinations with an airline |
Bonded Goods | Goods on which the customs duty has not yet been paid, and which therefore, are under the control of customs; usually in a Bonded warehouse. |
Bonded warehouse | A depository for goods on which the customs duty has not been paid; the warehouse proprietor must provide a bond (often in the form of a bank warranty or a mortgage) to the customs authorities as a security for any duties which may not be paid by the customer |
Booking | Request for reservation of space on a flight/day, (to be) confirmed by the airline |
Break Bulk Agent | A forwarder breaking the bulk: taking care of the unpacking and sorting of goods after the flight |
Breakdown List | List of shipments carried in one consolidation (see also: Consolidation Manifest) |
Broker | Person who acts as an agent or intermediary in negotiating contracts; sometimes refers to a forwarder role |
Bulk Cargo | Loose cargo not loaded on an ULD |
C2K | Cargo 2000 (see the “Cargo 2000” page of this website) |
Cargo Aircraft | Aircraft built with the purpose of carrying nothing else than cargo |
Cargo assembly | The separate reception of parcels or packages and the holding of them for later dispatch as one consignment; consolidator role |
Cargo Disassembly | The separation of one or more of the parcels or packages that are part of a consignment for further distribution; break bulk role |
Carriage | Transport; the process of conveying cargo from one point to another |
Carrier | The party responsible for transport of goods from one point to another, this can be for example an airline or a forwarder (as a NVOCC) |
CASS | Cargo Accounts Settlement System |
CAO | Cargo Aircraft Only |
CC | Charges Collect; pay at moment of collection of the goods |
CCS | Cargo Community System; information system integrating the communication between air cargo parties at an airport |
Certificate of Origin | A certificate proving the country of original production of goods; used for customs declaration purposes |
Charges collect | Charges as stated on the air waybill to be collected from the consignee |
Charges prepaid | Charges as stated on the air waybill to be collected from the shipper |
Claim | A written complaint about the execution of a contract of transportation by a carrier, combined with a demand for financial compensation |
Classifying | Assigning the right import classification number to goods as part of the customs declaration process |
CLR | Clear |
CNEE | Consignee |
COLL | Collect, Collected, Collecting |
COMAT | Company Material (non-revenue cargo) |
Combi | Combi Aircraft, combining transport of passengers and cargo on the main-deck |
Commodity | Indication of the type of goods; commodities are coded according to the harmonised system. |
Commodity code | Code used in the Harmonised System for the classification of goods, which are most commonly produced and traded |
Complaint | An official statement from a customer to a carrier about his unhappiness with the service or operation of the service provider |
Consignee | The person or company that is physically and administratively responsible for accepting the goods at final delivery |
Consolidation | A collection of shipments belonging to different shippers travelling to one destination or area to be distributed to several consignees |
Consolidation Manifest | List of shipments carried in one consolidation |
Consolidation Rates | Rates as given by a consolidator / forwarder |
Consolidator | A forwarder consolidating shipments before a flight; these shipments belonging to different shippers and travelling to one destination or area in order to be distributed to several consignees after the flight |
Courier | Company that carries envelopes and parcels up to 75 kg from door to door; air transport is generally outsourced to airlines |
Courier Rates | Rates as given by a courier |
CPTY | Capacity |
CRN | Customs Release Note |
Customs Agent/Broker (Certified) | Party certified to handle the customs clearance on account of importers / exporters |
Customs invoice | (Pro forma) Invoice for import declaration (customs and statistics) purposes, stating the commercial price, added with the costs for freight, insurance and packing etc., terms of delivery and payment |
Customs value | Value of goods to be imported for import declaration (customs and statistics) purposes |
D2A | Door-to-airport |
D2D | Door-to-door |
Dangerous Goods | Goods that can be hazardous for health, flight-safety or materials |
DAP | A C2K key performance indicator: DAP = Delivered as Promised (NFD in full- and on-time statuses are achieved) |
DEP | A C2K milestone: DEP = cargo and documents departed at airport of origin |
DEPT | Department |
DG | Dangerous Goods |
DGR | Dangerous Goods Regulations (IATA) |
Dimensional Weight (Conversion) | Concept adopted by the transportation industry worldwide as a uniform means of establishing a minimum charge for the cubic space a package occupies; the volume is converted into a (higher) weight / price class |
DIMS | Dimensions |
DIP | Diplomatic mail |
DLV | Deliver, Delivered, Delivering |
DLV | Also, a C2K milestone: DLV = cargo and documents delivered to customer (forwarder) |
DOCS | Document(s), Documentation |
Domestic transport | Transport within a country |
Door-to-door | Transport from an initial shipper’s house address to a final consignee’s house address |
Duty | Tax imposed on goods imported from another country |
EDI | Electronic Data Interchange |
EDIFACT | Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport; a specific EDI protocol |
e-Freight | Electronic freight documents project from IATA; e-Freight aims to take the paper out of the air cargo supply chain and -processes and replace it with cheaper, more accurate and more reliable electronic messaging; facilitated by IATA, the project is an industry-wide initiative involving carriers, freight forwarders, ground handlers, shippers and customs authorities |
Electronic Data Interchange |
The interchange of electronic data, structured following an agreed protocol, between the automated information system of different parties |
Embargo | An embargo on a certain kind of goods means these goods will not be transported by the airline, often for flight-safety reasons |
Equipment | Materials needed to handle or transport goods |
ESC | European Shippers’ Council (see the page “Interest Organisations” of this website also) |
ETA | Estimated Time of Arrival |
ETD | Estimated Time of Departure |
Expediting | Forwarding goods (in less than the normal lead time) |
Expeditor | Forwarder |
FAK | Freight All Kinds |
FAK-Rates | Rates for Freight All Kinds |
FAP | A C2K key performance indicator: FAP = Flown as Planned (the complete shipment has flown at or before the last planned flight with a maximum 12-hour delay) |
FCL | Full Container Load |
FDCA | Found Cargo |
FFM | Freight Forwarding Message (electronic) |
FIATA | International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations (see the page “Interest Organisations” of this website also) |
FLT |
Flight |
Forwarder | Company specialized in providing door-to-airport transport, arranging connecting air transport and/or airport-to-door transport for parcels and consolidations > 75 kg or up to anything that fits in an aircraft; the air transport is generally outsourced to airlines and sometimes aircraft operators or air charter companies |
Forwarder network | A network existing of different smaller to medium sized forwarding companies all over the world working together |
Freighter | Aircraft built with the purpose of carrying nothing else than cargo |
FSU |
Freight Status Update |
Fuel Surcharge | Surcharge added to the cargo rate to cover the additional costs of increasing fuel-prices; these will generally follow a certain index |
Full charter | Chartering the full available volume of an aircraft or flight/day |
Full Container Load | Container fully loaded, generally with goods belonging to one party |
Full freighter | Aircraft built with the purpose of carrying nothing else than cargo |
FWB |
Electronic air waybill message |
FWB | Also a C2K milestone: FWB = the shipment is booked at the airline, next an electronic air waybill is generated by agent (forwarder) ; this creates the so-called route map in C2K in which all the steps are followed |
FYI |
or Your Information |
General Cargo Rates | Rates for all different kinds of cargo, not falling into a specific handling and/or rate category |
GSA |
General Sales Agent |
GSF | Global Shippers Forum (see the page “Interest Organisations” of this website also) |
Handling Agent | Agent handling the ramp and/or warehouse cargo operation for an airline |
Harmonised System | A numeric multi-purpose system for the classification of goods with its six digits covering about 5000 descriptions of the products or groups of products most commonly produced and traded, designed for customs purposes, but can also be used for statistics, transport purposes, export, import and manufacturing; the international convention on the HS was established under auspices of the World Customs Organisation in 1983 |
Haulage |
Inland transport of cargo |
Haulier | Road carrier |
HEA | Heavy Cargo |
HAWB | House Air Waybill |
House Air Waybill | The shipment contract between the end-customer and the forwarder (see the page “Forwarding Out” of this website for further purposes and explanation) |
Hub | Central point in a transport system or network |
HUM |
Human remains |
HWB | House Waybill |
IATA | International Air Transport Association (see the page “Interest Organisations” of this website also) |
IATA-Agent |
An IATA certified agent |
ICAL | Inbound Cargo Action List |
ICAO | International Civil Aviation Organisation (see the page “Interest Organisations” of this website also) |
ICE | Dry Ice Shipment |
IN | Inches |
Inco terms | Internationally agreed set of standard delivery terms |
Integrator | Carrier integrating different modes of transport to form a door-to-door transport or supply chain; this term mostly refers to the large international express companies whose core business is to carry envelopes and parcels up to 75 kg, often overnight or even same day |
Intermodal Transport | The movement of cargo in a supply chain by more than one mode of transport; for example, road/air or sea/air transport |
INV |
Invoice |
ISA | If Space Available |
KG | Kilos |
L/C | Letter of Credit |
LCL | Less than Container Load |
Less than Container Load | Container partly filled with goods from one party, or an amount of goods that is not sufficient to fill one container and will therefore likely be consolidated |
LHO | Living Human Organs / Blood |
License, import/export | Governmental permit to import / export certain goods under certain conditions |
Line item | Order line, each line on a packing list or invoice to be declared for customs |
Load factor | The extent to which the aircraft (weight-, volume-, ULD-) capacity is efficiently utilized (to generate profit) |
LOC |
Location |
Loose cargo/shipments | Cargo / shipments not loaded on an ULD |
Lower Deck | The (cargo) deck below the main deck or upper deck of an aircraft |
LT | Local Time |
Main deck | Upper deck; the (cargo) deck above the lower deck of an aircraft |
Manifest, flight | Document listing the air waybills and a specification of the related goods carried on a flight |
Master Air Waybill | The shipment contract between the forwarder and the airline (see the page “Forwarding Out” of this website for further purposes and explanation) |
MAWB | Master Air Waybill |
MFST | Manifest |
Minimum Rate | Rate to cover the basic costs of carrying a shipment |
MSG | Message(s) |
Network Forwarder | A large forwarding company with worldwide branches |
NFD | A C2K milestone: NFD = cargo and documents ready for pick-up at airline (handler), the customer (forwarder) is notified |
NND |
Notice of Non-Delivery |
NON-IATA | Airline or agent that is not a member of IATA |
Nose loading | Loading cargo through the cargo door in the nose of an aircraft |
Notify address | Address of a party other than the consignee to be notified of arrival of the goods |
Notify party | Party other than the consignee to be notified of arrival of the goods |
NOTOC | Notification To Captain; list for the captain of the aircraft with goods carried on board |
N-Rates | Rates for shipments with weights up to 45 kg |
NVOCC | Non-Vessel Operating/Owning Cargo Carrier; in case of Air Cargo a Carrier (e.g., a Forwarder or Consolidator) who issues Air Waybills for the carriage of cargo on aircraft which he does not operate or own |
OAG |
Official Airlines Guide |
OB | On Board |
Oversized Cargo | Cargo that exceeds the dimensions of an ULD |
Package |
Packed piece of cargo |
Packing list | A list for customs declaration and consignment purposes stating number and kinds of packages being shipped, totals of gross, legal, and net weights of the packages, marks and numbers on the packages, contents and part-/serial numbers |
Pallet | A (standardized) platform on which goods can be stacked for transport or warehouse handling purposes |
Pallet, aircraft | A (standardized) platform on which goods can be stacked for air transport purposes |
Pallet net | A net used to secure the cargo on the aircraft pallet |
Parcel | Package |
Part charter | Chartering of a part of the available volume on an aircraft or flight/day |
Part shipment | Part of a shipment that travels on a different flight and/or day than the rest of the shipment due to available capacity with the airline |
PAX |
Passenger(s) |
Payload | The (cargo) load that can be carried by an aircraft (to generate revenue) |
PC | Piece(s) |
PER | Perishable Cargo |
PFI | Pro Forma Invoice |
POA | Proof Of Acceptance; legal proof a shipment has been accepted by a party |
POD | Proof Of Delivery; legal proof a shipment has been delivered by a party |
POD | Place Of Delivery |
PP | Charges Prepaid |
PPD | Prepaid |
Pre-alert | Message stating the current and or expected status of the goods |
Principal | The customer ordering the transport or related services |
PSH |
Part Shipment |
QNTY | Quantity |
Q-Rates | Rates with a quantity discount |
RCF | A C2K milestone: RCF = cargo has arrived in the cargo bay at final destination; cargo and airwaybill are administratively received in the system |
RCPT |
Receipt, Reception |
RCS | A C2K milestone: RCS = cargo and documents are received ‘Ready for Carriage’ and accepted by airline (handler) |
Ready For Carriage | (By Air) The goods are correctly packed and labelled, and customs cleared, with the right documents attached |
Ready For Transport | (By Road) The goods are correctly packed and labelled, with the right documents attached |
RFC | Ready For Carriage |
RFT | Ready For Transport |
Routing | The path that is (to be) followed by the goods from shipper to consignee |
RUSHR |
Rush Reply |
SASPO | As Soon As Possible |
SAWB | Substitute Air Waybill |
Security Surcharge | Surcharge added to the cargo rate to cover the additional costs of the increasing number of security checks and related administration that are legally required by the authorities |
Shipper | The person or company that is physically and administratively responsible for shipping the goods; for an airline in most cases a forwarder will be the shipper, for a forwarder the shipper is a third party, for example a trading company, a manufacturer, etc. |
Shipper’s Letter of Instruction | Document issued by the shipper to instruct and authorize the forwarder to forward and declare goods on his behalf; contains all shipment details needed to facilitate these services |
SHPMNT |
Shipment |
Side loading | Loading cargo through a cargo door in the side of an aircraft |
Skid | Pallet |
S/L | Short Loaded |
SLI | Shipper’s Letter of Instruction |
SSPD | Short Shipped; stayed behind |
TACT | The Air Cargo Tariff; publication of official airline tariffs |
TBA | Time Before Arrival |
TBD | Time Before Departure |
TEMP | Temperature |
TIACA | The International Air Cargo Association (see the page “Interest Organisations” of this website also) |
TILNA | Tilting Not Allowed |
TILTA | Tilting Allowed |
Time Slot | The agreed time to collect or deliver goods |
Tonne Kilometre | One tonne (1000 kg or 2204.6 lb) metric flown one kilometre; productivity indicator |
TRA | Transit |
Tracing | Retrieving (information on) the status of goods and documents |
Tracking | Regular checking on the status of goods and documents |
Track & Trace | Automated regular retrieval of (information on) the status of goods and documents and checking these against the agreed norms |
Transfer cargo | Transfer of cargo from one flight to another |
Transition / Transit cargo | Transfer of cargo from one flight to another |
TRM | Transfer Manifest |
TTL | Total |
ULD | Unit Load Device |
ULD, contoured | Unit Load Device shaped to exactly fit in an aircraft |
UNACC | Unaccompanied |
Unit Load Device | Standardized air cargo loading equipment (pallet, container) |
Upper deck | Main deck; the (cargo) deck above the lower deck of an aircraft |
VAL | Valuable cargo |
VAT | Value Added Tax |
VOL | Volume |
Volume charge | Air transport charge based on the volume of goods instead of the actual weight (see “Dimensional Weight” and “Weight charge” also) |
VUN | Vulnerable cargo |
Weight charge | Air transport charge based on the actual weight of the goods (see “Dimensional Weight” and “Volume charge” also) |
Weight & Balance | Management of the weight and allocation of cargo, passengers and fuel for a flight |
W/H |
Warehouse |
XPS | Priority Small Package |
XS | In Excess |
Yield management | The process of maximising the contribution (revenue) of the (transport & handling) network, equipment, infrastructure and resources |
INCOTERMS are standard trade terms most commonly used in international freight contracts for sale of goods. It is essential that you are aware of your terms of trade prior to shipment.
EXW – EX WORKS (… named place of delivery)
The Seller’s only responsibility is to make the goods available at the Seller’s premises. The Buyer bears full costs and risks of moving the goods from there to destination.
FCA – FREE CARRIER (… named place of delivery)
The Seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier selected by the Buyer. The Seller loads the goods if the carrier pickup is at the Seller’s premises. From that point, the Buyer bears the costs and risks of moving the goods to destination.
CPT – CARRIAGE PAID TO (… named place of destination)
The Seller pays for moving the goods to destination. From the time the goods are transferred to the first carrier, the Buyer bears the risks of loss or damage.
CIP– CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO (… named place of destination)
The Seller pays for moving the goods to destination. From the time the goods are transferred to the first carrier, the Buyer bears the risks of loss or damage. The Seller, however, purchases the cargo insurance.
DAT – DELIVERED AT TERMINAL (… named terminal at port or place of destination)
The Seller delivers when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the Buyer’s disposal at a named terminal at the named port or place of destination. “Terminal” includes any place, whether covered or not, such as a quay, warehouse, container yard or road, rail or air cargo terminal. The Seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to and unloading them at the terminal at the named port or place of destination.
DAP – DELIVERED AT PLACE (… named place of destination)
The Seller delivers when the goods are placed at the Buyer’s disposal on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the names place of destination. The Seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place.
DDP – DELIVERED DUTY PAID (… named place)
The Seller delivers the goods -cleared for import – to the Buyer at destination. The Seller bears all costs and risks of moving the goods to destination, including the payment of Customs duties and taxes.
MARITIME TERMS
FAS – FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP (… named port of shipment)
The Seller delivers the goods to the origin port. From that point, the Buyer bears all costs and risks of loss or damage.
FOB– FREE ON BOARD (… named port of shipment)
The Seller delivers the goods on board the ship and clears the goods for export. From that point, the Buyer bears all costs and risks of loss or damage.
CFR– COST AND FREIGHT (… named port of destination)
The Seller clears the goods for export and pays the costs of moving the goods to destination. The Buyer bears all risks of loss or damage.
CIF – COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT (… named port of destination)
The Seller clears the goods for export and pays the costs of moving the goods to the port of destination. The Buyer bears all risks of loss or damage. The Seller, however, purchases the cargo insurance.
Hazard Labels for
Dangerous Goods (DG)
The international community has established a classification system for easy identification of dangerous goods. These goods fall into nine primary classes, and some classes are further divided to address specific risks. Each class/division has a corresponding label that accurately represents the nature of the hazard. These labels must be attached to the package during transport and remain intact throughout the journey. Take a look at the illustrated examples below to understand how these labels effectively communicate the potential dangers.
Under regulations, labels must be clearly visible on the outside of the package and must stay on the package while in transit.
You can often find labels printed on most inner packages such as:
- aerosol cans
- bottles of bleach
- containers of thinners
- tins of paint
- many other products which are available at supermarkets and hardware stores.
Below are the 9 hazard labels for the 9 classes of dangerous goods.
Class 1 Explosives
This includes items such as:
- explosive substances
- pyrotechnic devices
- ammunition
- fireworks
- detonators.
Class 2 Gases
These can be transported as:
- compressed
- liquefied
- refrigerated liquefied
- gas in solution.
This includes aerosols. Class 2 has 3 divisions:
- Division 2.1 – flammable gases such as:
- butane
- propane
- Division 2.2 – non-flammable, non-toxic gases such as:
- oxygen
- liquid nitrogen
- compressed air
- Division 2.3 – toxic gases such as:
- chlorine
- hydrogen sulphide.
Class 3 Flammable liquids
This includes liquids with a boiling point of 35⁰ C or less, or a flash point of 60⁰ C or less such as:
- petrol
- alcohol
- perfumes
- essential oils
- hand sanitiser
- paints.
Class 4 Flammable solids
These are substances that can spontaneously combust and substances, that when they come into contact with water or emit flammable gases. Class 4 has 3 divisions:
- Division 4.1 – flammable solids such as:
- hexamine solid fuel tablets for camping stoves
- self-reactive substances
- desensitised explosives
- Division 4.2 – substances that can spontaneously combust under normal air transport conditions include:
- camphor
- sulphur
- matches
- Division 4.3 – substances that emit flammable gases when they come into contact with water include:
- sodium
- zinc particles
- activated carbon.
Class 5 Oxidising substances and organic peroxides
These substances are not necessarily combustible on their own but can react dangerously with other substances. Class 5 has 2 divisions:
- Division 5.1 – oxidising substances that may not be necessarily combustible, but they may readily yield oxygen and cause other materials to combust, such as:
- hydrogen peroxide
- ammonium nitrate
- potassium chlorate
- sodium nitrate
- Division 5.2 – organic peroxides are thermally unstable and can emit heat and give off harmful or flammable vapours. They can also be liable to explosive decomposition and react dangerously with other substances. Examples are:
- acetyl acetone peroxide
- benzoyl peroxide
- peracetic acid.
Class 6 Toxic and infectious substances
These substances can cause sickness, injury or death if consumed. Class 6 has 2 divisions:
- Division 6.1 – toxic substances that can cause death, injury or to harm human health if swallowed, inhaled or by skin contact, such as:
- chloroform
- arsenics
- cyanides
- cytotoxic waste
- barium compounds
- pesticides
- Division 6.2 – infectious substances that contain or are expected to contain pathogens that can cause disease in humans or animals, including:
- medical or clinical waste
- patient specimens
- genetically modified organisms
- infectious substances
- infected animals.
Class 7 Radioactive materials
These are substances that emit invisible ionising radiation that can be harmful to humans and animals. It can cause objects such as aircraft and equipment to become contaminated if not packaged and handled correctly, such as:
- uranium
- radioactive ores
- isotypes
- radium
- cesium
- x-ray equipment
- medical equipment or parts.
Class 8 Corrosives
These substances can cause irreversible damage if they come into contact with skin and could destroy other freight, or materially damage containers or aircraft. This includes:
- acids
- corrosive cleaners
- battery fluid
- formaldehyde
- hydrofluoric acid.
Class 9 Miscellaneous
These are substances and articles which, during air transport, present a danger not covered by other classes. There are 2 types of handling labels – 1 for lithium battery shipments, and another for all other miscellaneous dangerous goods. This class includes:
- lithium batteries
- battery powered vehicles
- battery powered equipment
- first aid kids
- environmentally hazardous substances
- dry ice
- magnetised materials
- asbestos.
Handling labels
In addition to hazard labels, trained staff must attach handling labels where needed. Staff must use these 4 handling labels with the appropriate hazard labels:
Cargo aircraft only
This label is used to show that the load cannot be carried on a passenger aircraft.
Cyrogenics
This label is used on liquefied gases, such as the ones in Class 2.
This way up
This label ensures a load is placed the correct way up and can be used for non-dangerous goods.
Magnetised material
This label ensures that the load is kept away from the aircraft compass detector unit while being loaded and unloaded.
Please Note: The below list does not describe all types of hazardous air cargo (it is not exhaustive and all encompassing). General items listed below may be found in baggage and possibly have hazards that are not immediately apparent. There are strict laws in relation to lodging of hazardous air cargo and compliance with hazardous air cargo regulations.
Typical examples of hazardous air cargo
Engines (contain fuel and that are not cleaned, purged and sealed)
Mining equipment
Magnets
Pressurised containers
Passenger baggage (containing flammable gas or liquid lighter refuel. camping stove cylinders
Photographic Supplies
Expeditionary equipment
Vaccines
Solvents, adhesives
Pesticides
Dental apparatus
Machinery parts
Frozen foods (packed in solid dry ice)
Dry Ice
Tool Boxes (compressed gases, aerosols)
Electrical equipment
Diving equipment
Pharmaceuticals
Switches in electrical equipment
Toys (made of cellulose)
Refrigerators (may contain gases or chemicals)
Swimming pool chemicals
Pressurised containers
Engines (contain fuel and that are not cleaned, purged and sealed)
Mining equipment
Diagnostic specimens
Thermometers (containing mercury)
Frozen Embryos
Ammunition
Swimming pool chemicals
Aerosols
Compressed non-flammable gas
Batteries
Breathing Apparatus
Frozen foods (packed in solid dry ice)
Motor Vehicle parts
Chemicals
Please Note: The below list does not describe all types of hazardous air cargo (it is not exhaustive and all encompassing). General items listed below may be found in baggage and possibly have hazards that are not immediately apparent. There are strict laws in relation to lodging of hazardous air cargo and compliance with hazardous air cargo regulations.
Typical examples of hazardous air cargo
Engines (contain fuel and that are not cleaned, purged and sealed)
Mining equipment
Magnets
Pressurised containers
Passenger baggage (containing flammable gas or liquid lighter refuel. camping stove cylinders
Photographic Supplies
Expeditionary equipment
Vaccines
Solvents, adhesives
Pesticides
Dental apparatus
Machinery parts
Frozen foods (packed in solid dry ice)
Dry Ice
Tool Boxes (compressed gases, aerosols)
Electrical equipment
Diving equipment
Pharmaceuticals
Switches in electrical equipment
Toys (made of cellulose)
Refrigerators (may contain gases or chemicals)
Swimming pool chemicals
Pressurised containers
Engines (contain fuel and that are not cleaned, purged and sealed)
Mining equipment
Diagnostic specimens
Thermometers (containing mercury)
Frozen Embryos
Ammunition
Swimming pool chemicals
Aerosols
Compressed non-flammable gas
Batteries
Breathing Apparatus
Frozen foods (packed in solid dry ice)
Motor Vehicle parts
Chemicals
An Overview of Bills of Lading: Ensuring Precision in Shipping
Why is it crucial to verify Bill of Lading details?
The Bill of Lading meticulously captures the smallest shipment details, providing an exact representation of your cargo. This document is pivotal for identifying your shipment and becomes invaluable in dispute scenarios, especially when handling liability claims for damaged, lost, or delayed shipments.
When is the Bill of Lading Issued?
As a specialist in international shipping and freight, CargoMaster places utmost importance on accuracy in shipping dates, marks, and cargo descriptions when issuing the Bill of Lading. Adhering to maritime regulations, CargoMaster ensures precise details, recognising the significance of the date on the Bill of Lading, marking the enforcement of the shipment contract.
How is the Bill of Lading Compiled?
The compilation of a Bill of Lading involves several checks within the export documentation flow. Freight Forwarders like CargoMaster play a crucial role, ensuring accurate details such as container and bolt seal numbers, vessel information, weights, pieces loaded, and voyage numbers. While Bills of Lading are typically issued after the vessel sails, special requests may lead to earlier issuances.
A Contract in Documentation: The Bill of Lading
Functioning as a contract between the International Shipping Company and the cargo shipper, the Bill of Lading mirrors other contractual agreements, like a residential tenancy agreement. To meet international standards, Bills of Lading must align with conventions such as The Hague Rule, Hague-Visby Rule, Hamburg Rule, and The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act Australia 1991.
Insight into the Documentation Timeline
Disputes regarding Bill of Lading issues primarily emerge in cargo exportation. The export documentation flow involves meticulous coordination, ensuring the timely gathering of information from various sources. CargoMaster, handling machinery and out-of-gauge cargo, faces additional documentation requirements for compliance with international regulations.
International Freight Certificates: Navigating Export Documentation
Certificate of Free Sale (CFS)
A crucial document confirming the approval to sell goods in Australia, essential for customs clearance and import processes in certain overseas markets.
When exporting to certain countries you will require a Certificate of Free Sale (CFS), also called an export certificate or certificate of export. An Export Certificate confirms in writing that you can sell your goods in the Australian market and that there are no restrictions. The Certificate of Free Sale certifies that you have the approval of relevant authorities to sell your goods in Australia.
The overseas purchaser of your products may have problems with customs clearance and registration process’s if you do not provide a CFS when required, your buyer may not be able to import your product into their country. You may need to present this certificate as part of the customs clearance or registration process.
A CFS is often requested for products such as:
- food-based products
- medical parts, devices and products
- certain complementary, prescription, and over the counter medicines.
Not all countries require a CFS, the need for a Certificate of Free Sale will depend on your product and your export market. Speak with your buyer to find out if you need a CFS.
Where can I get a Certificate of Free Sale?
To find out more and apply for a Certificate of Free Sale (CFS) visit:
- Department of Health Therapeutic Goods Administration
- Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
- Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI)
ATA Carnet (Admission Temporary Admission)
Facilitates the temporary entry of goods into foreign countries, providing exemptions for import duties and taxes. Commonly used for high-value goods at exhibitions, trade shows, motorsports, and audiovisual production.
An ATA Carnet is an international document that permits temporary the temporary entry of commodities into overseas countries. Carnets are used for goods that are intended to be imported for a short period of time, then exported back to the country of origin. It provides exemptions for import duties and taxes. It is most often used for high-value goods imported for specific uses.
Typical goods that may be transported under a Carnet:
- cars, bikes, boats, caravans or trailers for exhibitions and trade shows
- es or cars and other vehicles used for motorsports
- equipment, trucks, and machinery for mining or farming
- cameras and other equipment used for filming and audiovisual production.
To apply for a Carnet contact The Australian Chamber Of Commerce and Industry
Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry www.australianchamber.com.au/international/certificates-of-origin (ACCI).
Phytosanitary Certificate
Required for regulated commodities like plants and plant products, certifying compliance with quarantine regulations and the absence of pests.
Phytosanitary Certificates available from the Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment.
Certificate of Origin (CoO)
Government-certified or authorised entity-issued document confirming the origin of commodities, essential for Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and customs clearance.
Note: Always check specific product and market requirements for accurate documentation needs.
Certificates of Origin are needed when Origin when
- exporting to countries where Australia has a current Free Trade Agreement (FTA)
- it is requested by the importer for customs clearance
- it is specified in a Documentary Letter of Credit.
Some agreements will allow for a self-certification, while others require a certificate from an authorised body. Self-certification carries a high level of risk and is not recommended for new exporters.
There are 2 types of Certificates of Origin
- Preferential certificates
A Preferential certificate will assist customs authorities to confirm your compliance with trade agreements made, tariffs and and Rules of Origin. Rules of Origin (ROO) are an agreed set of rules between countries that share a preferential trade agreement, such as a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). ROO set out the criteria for which goods are eligible for free or preferential import tariffs. Typically, they require a product to be entirely produced in a one of the participating countries or have a minimum percentage of the value produced there. They can be complex to understand so speak with your customs broker or freight forwarder or visit the DFAT Free Trade Agreement Portal.
Note: If Australia has a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the country you are exporting to you can apply for a Preferential certificate
2. Non-preferential certificates
Local governments of most countries issue non-preferential certificates to collect statistical data and ensure you are meeting:
- government sanctions
- anti-dumping rules
- quotas
- general tariffs.
Where can I get a Certificate of Origin?
To find out more and apply for a Certificate of Origin (COO) visit:
- Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI)
- Australian Industry Group (AI Group)
- International Export Certification Services (IECS)
For information about the documents needed for specific products check out.
CargoMaster ensures a seamless freight experience, combining expertise, accuracy, and compliance for precise cargo transport. Call us at 1300 767 136 for tailored shipping solutions and competitive rates.
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